Sudan's devastating civil war erupted in   April 2023  between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) under Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) led by Mohamed Hemedti. Sudan faces a challenge not to cease the ongoing violence but to prioritise the discussion on “rebuilding approach” in the aftermath of the civil war. Illustration by The Geostrata In the absence of tangible plans to rebuild infrastructure, revitalise the supply chain, and ensure access to necess

Secession, the separation of a territory from an established state, is one of the most disruptive moments in international politics. If accompanied by conflict, the relations between the two sides are unsurprisingly complex and turbulent. The new country attempts to define itself in opposition to the state from which it broke away. While the parent state, as the original state is called, may harbour feelings of resentment and humiliation. Illustration by The Geostrata When co

For decades now, an enigma called Pakistan has been a question of perpetual quandary for analysts and strategists of the globe due to the hybrid nature of the polity the country follows, where the role of the military outwits that of elected civilian leaders. Many scholars have analysed this complicated relationship from many perspectives. Illustration by The Geostrata The most recent of those accounts will be The Zardari Presidency (2008-2013): Now It Must Be Told by Farhatu

“The winds of change are with us now.” When U.S. President George H.W. Bush spoke these words in 1991, he expressed hope for a " new world order ." The Cold War was about to end, and the ideological hostility between Moscow and Washington was receding. This seemed to suggest that a much more cooperative international security system might be possible, one in which nuclear dangers could be contained through ambitious arms control measures .  Illustration by The Geostrata With

It is a challenging time to be a US ally. America is withdrawing from its role as system administrator in favour of becoming just another self-interested great power. To make matters worse, an informal alliance of China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, called the “Axis of Evil”   by Western officials, is emerging.  Illustration by The Geostrata The region most anxious about these developments is the Indo-Pacific, the new theatre of great power competition. For Asia, Donald Tru

The global security and modern-day geopolitical landscape is increasingly defined by the sophisticated challenge of deterring hybrid warfare and state-sponsored terrorism, a problem acutely felt in the nuclear-shadowed rivalry between India and Pakistan. Illustration by The Geostrata For decades, India’s approach has been to follow a traditional military strategy focused on preventing attacks through sheer defense and maintaining its intelligence networks. Yet the character o

The People's Republic of China, founded in 1949, has always had a thirst for power and dominance. In the beginning, while it was protecting and conquering lands, it left the coasts unguarded. A brutal mistake to commit. Illustration by The Geostrata It was only in the late 1970s that Deng Xiaoping's reforms transformed the coast into China’s economic engine. Exports and the presence of ports tied China’s survival to maritime security. Yet, by the 1990s, clashes in the South C

Sometimes, one decision can alter the entire course of destiny. For Jammu and Kashmir, that decision came on 26 October 1947. On this day, Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of the princely state, signed the Instrument of Accession, choosing to join India that is Bharat, Kashmir’s home, its own civilisation. Illustration by The Geostrata The decision was made during immense external aggression at the hands of Pakistan. Within days of independence, Pakistan activated Operation Gul

In modern conflict , wars are not just fought on the battlefronts but also in the realm of public opinion . Fogging of media is the deliberate or inadvertent manipulation of military action brought about by ambiguous, partisan, or propagandistic media reporting. Illustration by The Geostrata In the era of instant information, this fog—produced by state and non-state actors, media organisations, and social media—sets the context of perception, understanding, and judgment of wa

On Thursday, June 29, 2025, a striking video released by China's state broadcaster CCTV caught the attention of military analysts and policymakers worldwide. The video showcased an animated depiction of what appears to be a newly developed graphite bomb - nicknamed a "blackout bomb". This weapon, designed to cripple an adversary's power grid without causing direct physical destruction, underscores China's ongoing efforts to expand its arsenal of non-kinetic warfare tools. Ill

As the world anticipates a Trump-led ceasefire in the Russia-Ukraine war, Europe is caught within its strategic reckoning . Following a heated Oval Office exchange between President Trump and Ukraine’s Zelenskyy, along with the NSA chat leak, Trump has made it clear that Washington’s strategic calculus may no longer align with that of Europe, thereby awakening European leaders. Illustration by The Geostrata This diplomatic strain was further intensified with the imposition of

The land of unfulfilled promises and contested identities-Balochistan- stands as one of South Asia’s most complex and misunderstood...

The Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Agenda is the first of its kind at the global level to address the effects of armed conflict on...

India has a unique neighbourhood, with terrorism spilling over borders, political unrest shaking its periphery, and instability brewing...

India, one of the world’s largest importers of defence equipment, depends on the US, Russia, France, and Israel for critical military...

Pakistan was given a much-needed boost to the economy in May 2025 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)  in the form of a $1 billion...

Iran’s nuclear program and its history date back to its pre-revolutionary past. In the current period, the importance of Tehran's uranium...

The history of insurgency in India's Northeast was not only mired in its history and culture of vivid tribes but also had political...

On March 24, 2020, India closed its borders, and imposed a nationwide lockdown in the country, believing that restricting human contact...

Terrorism, undoubtedly, acts as a parasitic force, draining societies of peace and stability. From the 2001 Parliament attack to 26/11...