India-Pakistan relations, marred by historical rivalry, extend beyond the creation of the Radcliffe Line. The roots lie far deeper, predating the partition by almost a century. The Two-Nation theory, often regarded as the ideological framework that stemmed from the idea of a separate nation, with Mohammad Ali Jinnah as its key proponent, has a civilisational history of a series of movements that contributed to institutionalising the concept of Pakistan.

Secession, the separation of a territory from an established state, is one of the most disruptive moments in international politics. If accompanied by conflict, the relations between the two sides are unsurprisingly complex and turbulent. The new country attempts to define itself in opposition to the state from which it broke away. While the parent state, as the original state is called, may harbour feelings of resentment and humiliation. Illustration by The Geostrata When co

For decades now, an enigma called Pakistan has been a question of perpetual quandary for analysts and strategists of the globe due to the hybrid nature of the polity the country follows, where the role of the military outwits that of elected civilian leaders. Many scholars have analysed this complicated relationship from many perspectives. Illustration by The Geostrata The most recent of those accounts will be The Zardari Presidency (2008-2013): Now It Must Be Told by Farhatu

India’s multi‑vector foreign policy in 2025  reflects a refined combination of adaptability and strategic depth in an increasingly complex world. In this new order, India carefully balances among the United States, China, and Russia while maintaining its strong influence within its South Asian neighbourhood. Illustration by The Geostrata The identified strategy, based on the belief in strategic autonomy, allows New Delhi to maneuver in unforeseen crises and take opportunities

Poppy cultivation in Pakistan has been a long-standing issue, intensely for decades. Yet, its involvement in the modern international drug trade began only in the 1970s. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 transformed Pakistan into a critical processor and transit corridor for narcotics. Cover by The Geostrata Although narcotics did not initiate the conflict in Afghanistan, the drug trade has both sustained and been sustained by the ongoing violence. This trade has str

Strategic deterrence in the modern era has advanced well beyond single-warhead missiles. Today, nations rely on technologies that ensure credible retaliation, increase survivability, and complicate interception. The Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle (MIRV) technology is particularly important among these developments. One missile with MIRV capability can launch multiple warheads, each directed toward a distinct target. Illustration by The Geostrata A "bus" or

Nepal is a country with a journey of turbulence and transitions.  Nepal’s history of political journey is carved with monarchs, which...

Climate change is reshaping lives across South Asia, and women are bearing the brunt of its harshest impacts. From rising sea levels in Bangladesh to forced migration and trafficking in West Bengal, this article uncovers how climate disasters deepen gender inequalities. With case studies and policy insights, it calls for gender-responsive climate strategies and greater female participation in environmental decision-making.

Blink and you might miss the centuries of South Asian textile artistry and symbolism, with a flick of an Instagram trend. Our everyday...

Global temperatures have soared recently, and the trend has continued till 2024. The alarming temperatures have surpassed the...

The Delhi-Colombo economic partnership, by addressing shared challenges like trade management and external influences as well as...

South Asia has been increasingly witnessing seismic shifts in the political front, with swift regime changes in almost all of India’s...

In a region where history echoes with rivalries and challenges like terrorism and maritime conflicts that threaten peace, India stands...

Bangladesh’s Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus’ recent visit to China and public statements reflect Bangladesh's strategic positioning in...

The temple architecture of India has been a thing of marvel and fascination for the world over centuries. In this research, we focus on...

Afghanistan- a board for great powers to play chess on. A graveyard of empires. A cauldron of mixed ethnicities and rich culture.  In...

China's economic rise over the past few decades stands as one of the most transformative development journeys. This journey of...

“You can change your friends but not your neighbours,” quoted by former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee, is a truism in international relations....

In the complex world of international diplomacy, few relationships are as intricate as the one between India and Sri Lanka. Situated in...

Political upheaval after Sheikh Hasina's resignation has brought about a series of changes in the governance of Bangladesh and the...