Thirty years is a long time to have a relationship without showing up. Despite the absence of a prime ministerial visit between 1993 and 2026, India and Slovakia consistently strengthened their diplomatic, defense, and economic partnership. The lack of a high-level visit did not diminish the importance either country attached to the relationship, which continued to grow through sustained engagement across multiple sectors. Modi came to Bratislava in June, and commentaries soo

The study of food has always been traditionally approached from three angles: agriculture, public health, and local heritage. But in today's international system, food has become a potent resource for soft power and geopolitical chess. Governments increasingly use restaurants, trade agreements, and UNESCO heritage lists to project soft power, build nation-brands, and conduct public diplomacy. Illustration by The Geostrata Governments with an interest in shaping the overall im

Growing competition in outer space provides India with a unique opportunity to shape a narrative in which collaboration, rather than confrontation, drives space exploration. Recognised as a trustworthy and cost-effective spacefaring nation, India is now well placed to transform its technological advances into enduring international partnerships that contribute to scientific progress, economic growth, and sustainable development. Illustration by The Geostrata India's journey i

The growing ties between India and Vietnam have always been traditionally viewed in the context of hard power realpolitik in the Indo-Pacific geopolitical landscape. Activities such as joint naval exercises, defense lines of credit, and strategic alignments in the South China Sea are cited as classic examples of pursuing a balance of power. Yet framing this partnership solely as a reactive response to security pressures overlooks its deepest foundation, which is a shared civi

Think of CBAM as a carbon toll booth at Europe’s border. It applies a carbon tax to certain goods imported into the EU, ensuring that imported goods, particularly those at the greatest risk of carbon leakage, face similar carbon-related costs to those produced within the EU. The framework works in two steps. First, EU importers must measure and report the carbon emissions embedded in the goods they bring in. Then, from January 2026, they will be required to pay. Illustration

India is one of the fastest-growing energy markets on the planet, while being the world’s third-largest consumer of crude oil and the second-largest importer. Yet for a country whose economy depends substantially on imported oil, the strategic reserves portray quite an alarming story, a vision where infrastructure has grown but not quite fast enough. Illustration by The Geostrata THE SCALE OF DEPENDENCE To understand why India’s oil storage matters, it is imperative to first

Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake - Napoleon Bonaparte The geo-political architecture of West Asia experienced a traumatic rupture in February 2026, when, in a joint military operation, the USA and Israel conducted airstrikes on Iran, killing Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and top military and political actors in Tehran, plunging Washington and Tehran into a full-scale conflict. Illustration by The Geostrata Ignited by increasing rivalry bet

The US-Iran Ceasefire requires more investigation to show that Pakistan's alleged role as mediator is both exaggerated and misinterpreted. Islamabad presents itself as a diplomatic power, yet its actual work consists of serving as a liaison between major international players. The evaluation of ceasefire stability over the coming months requires this distinction between the two categories. Illustration by The Geostrata Pakistan’s conduct during the crisis was, by most ac

The collapse of the Islamabad talks after 21 hours of negotiations does not, on its own, determine whether the war will resume. What it does is confirm that the two-week ceasefire, expiring around 22 April, was never a diplomatic instrument designed to produce peace but rather a tactical pause in which both sides repositioned for the next phase of coercion. Illustration by Geopolitics Next Washington’s core demand, a binding Iranian commitment to abandon its nuclear weapons c

The combined US-Israel operations - Operation Epic Fury and Operation Roaring Lion, followed by Iran's retaliatory attacks under Operation Truthful Promise 4, once again plunged West Asia into crisis. The ongoing war is projected to last for 4-5 weeks or longer, potentially exerting a significant impact on the global economy and supply chain resilience. The key motive behind the sudden escalation amid mediation talks under Oman remains unclear. Illustration by The Geostrata

Every year, millions of Muslims gather in Mecca for a spiritual journey of Hajj and Umrah , which is one of the largest and most influential pilgrimages. Geopolitically, religious pilgrimages have shaped civilisations and cultural connections. Hajj and umrah, along with spiritual essence, are tools of soft power for Saudi Arabia and not just an administrative responsibility. Illustration by The Geostrata Hajj is one of the 5 pillars of Islam and is a mandatory act once in

India, also known as Bharatvarsh, was the land that once stretched all the way from Kandahar and Ghazni in the northwest (present-day Afghanistan) to present-day Southeast Asia. A land that had flourished as a hub of knowledge, science, and culture turned into a region marred by nearly 800 years of continuous conflict. Illustration by The Geostrata Geography placed India at the crossroads of continents, commerce, faiths, and empires, from the bone-chilling mountain passes of

India is set to host two key summits in 2026, the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) and the BRICS, assuming crucial geopolitical significance across the Indo-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. New Delhi’s active role in the BRICS underscores India's outreach to the Global South, working towards a multipolar world order. The QUAD, on the other hand, has a diversified agenda ranging from maritime security to developmental partnerships in the Indo-Pacific. Illustration by

The G20 Presidency was handed over to South Africa on 1 December 2024, a historic day that highlights the growing influence of emerging developing nations on the global stage. For the first time, South Africa is hosting global leaders under the G20 summit, providing an opportunity and platform to shape responses on digital infrastructure, global governance, climate and energy transition, with the Global South being at the core of the discussion. Illustration by The Geostrat

Southeast Asia’s geopolitics and cultural diplomacy have become essential tools in the 21st century for establishing relationships that go beyond political strategies and economic interests. The relationship between China, India, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is the best example to understand the point of culture in International Relations. Illustration by The Geostrata Southeast Asia has been considered where East and West civilisations met, India an

For India, Bangladesh has never been just another neighbour. Geography would have made that impossible, but history sealed it. The two countries share memories of 1971, which still shape political instincts on both sides, and there are dense economic and social ties; this means that developments in Bangladesh are seldom distant events for New Delhi. Illustration by The Geostrata They are experienced, discussed, and in many cases privately fretted about. For most of the last d

In a world that is increasingly interdependent, with crime and commercial disputes occurring across jurisdictions, international cooperation with respect to the legal and judicial aspects of these disputes is critical. Illustration by The Geostrata On July 31, 2025, India and Morocco, two nations with a long diplomatic relationship, took the next steps toward furthering international cooperation by issuing a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) and a related Memorandum of

The relations between India and the European Union (EU) have evolved. In recent years, the two sides have extended through successive climate cooperation initiatives to develop collaborations in energy efficiency, climate mitigation, renewable energy, transport systems and beyond. Cover by The Geostrata Since the inception of the Clean Energy and Climate Partnership (CECP) in 2016 and the announcement of the EU’s ‘India Strategy’, the two sides, in response to improving the

In today’s world of rapidly shifting alliances and contested borders, regions that succeed are not the ones that rely only on geography or shared history, but those investing in building meaningful linkages among their people, economies, and institutions. Perhaps, Southeast Asia offers the most compelling examples. Despite its cultural diversity and political differences, ASEAN has managed to turn its neighbourhood into a community bound by trust and interdependence.

Western media, movies, and think tanks continue to dominate the global narrative of India, which frequently focuses on issues such as poverty, overcrowding, gender issues, religious tensions, and politics. Although these challenges are real, India's achievements in innovation, development, and global ambitions. This limited view reduces India to a collection of problems rather than seeing it as a developing nation influencing the future. Illustration by The Geostrata Even wor