Energy security has become one of the key priorities of states worldwide due to geopolitical tensions, supply chain issues, and ongoing market instability. The consequences of this for a rapidly developing country like India, with over 1.4 billion people, are significant, as the country needs to achieve more than just having access to energy, i.e., to have consistent, dependable, and resilient access to energy to support continued economic growth and meet the demand requireme

Yet another potential source of disruption to the global energy market, and perhaps one less tied to the Russia–Ukraine war, has arisen in the Middle East. As Iran blocks traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint through which nearly 20 million barrels per day (mb/d), one-fifth of the world's oil supply, passes, raising the likelihood of yet another global energy crisis. Recent escalations involving Iran, Israel, and U.S. naval deployments in 2025–26 have a

The geopolitics of energy is historically associated with the supply security concerns of oil-importing states. The urgency of climate action, the long-term downward trend of the cost of renewable energy generation technologies, and the rapid technological advancements are all signs that demand a more analytical framework. Illustration by The Geostrata The field of energy geopolitics has grown to include not just the conventional fossil-fuel complexes, but also a wider array