Indonesia is the world’s largest nickel producer, accounting for a dominant share of global output and making the country increasingly central to the global critical-minerals supply chain. Indonesia's nickel is no longer merely a mining story. It has become a test of whether a resource-rich middle power can turn mineral abundance into geopolitical bargaining power. Illustration by The Geostrata Indonesia possesses the resource; Chinese companies have built much of the process

For years, world energy politics had been centred around crude oil and the actions of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). But in recent decades, as the world shifts from fossil fuel to cleaner energy, the geopolitical balance is shifting from the oil wells to the mineral mines. And the most severe geopolitical tug-of-war is now taking place over key metals such as lithium, cobalt and nickel, which play a vital role in electric vehicle (EV) battery pr

The emergence of critical minerals is increasingly seen as a major driver of both national security and economic growth. This centrality of “future minerals” is driving a fundamental transformation in U.S. foreign policy. Washington's engagement with partner nations is being determined by a vision to diversify and secure supply chains despite global disruption. Within this evolving policy framework, Pakistan has emerged as an unexpected beneficiary due to the country's report

The geopolitics of energy is historically associated with the supply security concerns of oil-importing states. The urgency of climate action, the long-term downward trend of the cost of renewable energy generation technologies, and the rapid technological advancements are all signs that demand a more analytical framework. Illustration by The Geostrata The field of energy geopolitics has grown to include not just the conventional fossil-fuel complexes, but also a wider array

Critical minerals are present on the nodules of major minerals, holding immense industrial and manufacturing potential for companies, countries, and economies alike. The contemporary discourse on critical minerals is highly dependent on the prevailing socio-economic developments and disparities, largely defined by technological advancements. Illustration by The Geostrata Though there may be different classifications of which mineral is critical, nevertheless, they are vital