When the Paris Agreement was adopted in December 2015, it was seen as a rare moment of global alignment, as for the first time, 197 countries accepted a shared framework to respond to climate change while still keeping control over how that response would unfold nationally. It was significant for India because climate change had never been an abstract future risk, as it was already becoming evident in longer summers, erratic monsoons, dried-up farmlands, and increasing pre

Global shipping, which constitutes the backbone of international trade and carries nearly 90% of world trade, now remains one of the most challenging sectors to decarbonise. As climate change intensifies, the maritime sector faces pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Illustration by The Geostrata An international framework led by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has laid out pathways towards Global shipping, which constitutes the backbone of international t

The world’s renewable energy boom is real, but not enough to break fossil fuel dependence. despite record solar and wind growth, oil, gas and coal remain entrenched due to infrastructural lock-ins, rising energy needs in the global south, and powerful political-economic interests. This article explores the paradox of clean gains without fossil decline, sectoral complexities, and why justice, finance, and technology sharing are vital for a just transition.

India stands at a critical juncture in its development trajectory. As the world’s third-largest emitter, with CO2 levels reaching...