Poppy cultivation in Pakistan has been a long-standing issue, intensely for decades. Yet, its involvement in the modern international drug trade began only in the 1970s. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 transformed Pakistan into a critical processor and transit corridor for narcotics. Cover by The Geostrata Although narcotics did not initiate the conflict in Afghanistan, the drug trade has both sustained and been sustained by the ongoing violence. This trade has str

The global security and modern-day geopolitical landscape is increasingly defined by the sophisticated challenge of deterring hybrid warfare and state-sponsored terrorism, a problem acutely felt in the nuclear-shadowed rivalry between India and Pakistan. Illustration by The Geostrata For decades, India’s approach has been to follow a traditional military strategy focused on preventing attacks through sheer defense and maintaining its intelligence networks. Yet the character o

Operation Sindoor marks a pivotal moment in South Asia’s national security apparatus, following a brutal terrorist attack in April 2025, in Pahalgam, claiming the lives of twenty six civilians. In response, India launched an appropriate and precise retaliatory strike on May 7, targeting nine key terror camps across Pakistan and PoK. The operation underscored a significant shift in India’s counter-terrorism strategy. Cover by The Geostrata This report offers a comprehensive a

Terrorism, undoubtedly, acts as a parasitic force, draining societies of peace and stability. From the 2001 Parliament attack to 26/11...

Drug trafficking has emerged as a profitable and lucrative business ,  and is often a means for terror financing. The United Nations...

The term CBRN  (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) refers to four specific categories of hazardous agents that pose severe...

“साम दाम दंड भेद” (saam daam dand bhed) is a Sanskrit phrase that means “the four ways of dealing with people." It is a strategy of...

After the success of Operation Vijay at Kargil in 1999, the Indian Armed Forces have consistently followed a doctrine of limited warfare...