The structure of labour laws in India for the past seven decades was not only filled with a web of bureaucracy and complex, sometimes overlapping, rules, but also incompatible with the vision of the new industrial and innovative India. Illustration by The Geostrata This reality was embraced by the Government of India and the Ministry of Labour and Employment when Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya introduced four new bills to the parliament, which replaced the web of the previo

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) constitute over 95% of formal enterprises in both ASEAN Member States and India, serving as a critical engine for employment, innovation, and inclusive economic growth. Despite their significance, MSMEs continue to face deeply rooted structural constraints ranging from financing gaps and limited technological capacity to regulatory fragmentation and exclusion from regional value chains. Illustration by The Geostrata The COVID-19 pa

The Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 is a revision of DPM 2009, which instates the rule for revenue procurement (spares, repairs, MRO, ICT, services). The DPM 2025 came into force on 1st November 2025. This roughly governs Rs. One Lakh Crore of annual revenue procurement by the three Services and MoD Organisations. Cover by The Geostrata DPM 2025 is divided into two volumes: Volume I- This highlights the principles, procurement methods, delegated authorities, contract ru

The governments of India and the United Kingdom announced a landmark Free Trade Agreement with symmetry on 6 May 2025 and formally signed this agreement on 24 July 2025. Throughout this process, India’s Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) played a critical and often informal role in providing strategic coordination, direction, and oversight to the international significance of this event. Illustration by The Geostrata By illuminating the PMO’s role, we gain insight into how the hig

The relations between India and the European Union (EU) have evolved. In recent years, the two sides have extended through successive...

The digitisation process is evolving all around the world. Constant and rapid digitalisation has exposed various sectors, from businesses...