India-Pakistan relations, marred by historical rivalry, extend beyond the creation of the Radcliffe Line. The roots lie far deeper, predating the partition by almost a century. The Two-Nation theory, often regarded as the ideological framework that stemmed from the idea of a separate nation, with Mohammad Ali Jinnah as its key proponent, has a civilisational history of a series of movements that contributed to institutionalising the concept of Pakistan.

The Sahel is a thin stretch of dry land that cuts across Africa. It sits between the Sahara and the savannas. The resources are scarce, and power is in a vacuum; these pressures pit groups against each other,  making the Sahel account for 51 per cent of all terrorism deaths in 2024 . Ethnic tensions run deep. In central Mali and parts of Burkina Faso, the clashes between herders and farmers are now more frequent . These fights didn’t just start recently - instead, they’ve wor

In 1826, the British government established a border between India and Burma that cut through villages and even individual homes. This...