“The external boundaries of India as depicted are neither accurate nor authentic.” - These are the words that for decades Indian customs officials have stamped on every foreign atlas or map that has shown India’s borders differently from the official Indian claim. It is this set of words in a rubber stamp applied to thousands of books that becomes the perfect description of cartographic anxiety in action. Cartographic anxiety is a term attributed to a political scientist at t

FROM THE MCMOHAN LINE TO MODERN CLAIMS: THE HISTORICAL ROOTS OF THE DISPUTE India's neighbourhood is marked by complex geopolitical realities, with both Pakistan and China posing distinct challenges to its security, diplomacy, and regional interests. The India-Pakistan relations are clearly adversarial in nature. In addition to cross-border terrorism, Pakistan uses a number of other asymmetric methods, such as narcoterrorism, disinformation campaigns, diplomatic hindrances, a

China’s assertion on Arunachal Pradesh, which it calls “Zangnan” (South Tibet), is based on historical ties to Tibet and a rejection of...