On 10 June, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will surpass Pt Nehru as India's longest-serving elected Prime Minister, and when a leader breaks a longevity record, the first temptation is to treat it as a sporting achievement. It represents a significant moment in the history of the world's largest democracy, inviting reflection on the two leaders who shaped India in vastly different eras. Illustration by The Geostrata Narendra Modi's emergence as a transformational and charismati

Why empathy, identity, and collective behaviour shape the future of diplomacy “Behind every handshake and policy lies something subtler, the sociology of human behaviour.” Every summit hall, joint statement, and diplomatic gesture carries more than strategic intent; it carries emotion, memory, and meaning. While diplomacy is often framed as the language of power and national interest, the forces that sustain trust, legitimacy, and influence are deeply social. Illustration by

The strategic approach of present day Bharat is the continuity of clustered ideas and experiences that India has generated over...