Techniques of warfare have evolved and are no longer confined to battlefields and the use of military force. The landscape has shifted to incorporate cybersecurity, the media (including contemporary and social media), and narrative building , along with other major global threats, such as environmental and economic threats. Information and the manipulation of human behaviour hold crucial importance in contemporary warfare. Illustration by The Geostrata With the increasing int

In modern conflict , wars are not just fought on the battlefronts but also in the realm of public opinion . Fogging of media is the deliberate or inadvertent manipulation of military action brought about by ambiguous, partisan, or propagandistic media reporting. Illustration by The Geostrata In the era of instant information, this fog—produced by state and non-state actors, media organisations, and social media—sets the context of perception, understanding, and judgment of wa

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