The map of the world represents more than the geography of land and water; it is a cartography of power that the historic aggressors hold. For almost two centuries, invisible lines have crisscrossed the globe, not just representing sovereign borders, but also demarcating “backyards” – zones where great powers are asserting the unspoken rule that “might is right”. Illustration by The Geostrata In 1823, a ghost was born in the United States of America that continues to haunt t

The concept of neutrality as a topic of international studies existed as long as the advent of the conflicts between states. The first...

“The emergence of a contested multipolar world…has been paralleled by profound technological change and deepening digitalisation of...

The Second Opium War, often referred to as the Arrow War or the Second Anglo-Chinese War, took place between 1856 and 1860. This conflict...