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The 2nd Opium War: Trade, Imperialism, and the Transformation of China with Special Reference to Treaty Port
The Second Opium War, often referred to as the Arrow War or the Second Anglo-Chinese War, took place between 1856 and 1860. This conflict...

THE GEOSTRATA
Feb 27, 20256 min read


The Taiping Movement: Rebellion, Revolution, and the Struggle for Historical Identity
The Taiping Movement, which occurred between 1850 and 1864 in China , has been analysed through various historical perspectives. It has...

THE GEOSTRATA
Jan 13, 20255 min read


The 1st Opium War - Opium, Empire, and the Birth of Treaty Ports
When British merchant ships unloaded their cargo of opium on Chinese shores, they weren't just trading in drugs – they were igniting a...

THE GEOSTRATA
Jan 9, 20254 min read
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