To understand feminist discourses as they emerge in Chinese cinema, we must begin with an examination of gender discourse in China. Traditionally, Chinese culture was dominated by Confucianism (an ancient Chinese philosophy and ethical system which emphasises social harmony, hierarchy, and duties within relationships), with its codification of social order according to age, gender, and family position. Illustration by The Geostrata A woman was expected to abide by the "Three

The Indian Film Industry, popularly called Bollywood, has witnessed a significant transformation from the evergreen black and white era to the vivid colours of recent times. Serving as the epicentre of cultural expression , it has shaped ideas and attitudes, not only in India but also globally. In the purview of cultural shifts, there is now much discussion igniting over how women are portrayed in Indian cinema.  Illustration by The Geostrata As it is rightly said that cinema